Appendix

Looking at the Graph, we are able to project a potential incremental growth of demand versus supply. Incremental is based on the following criteria. 1. Total local market population of the business location 2. Minimum Minimal projected average sales of 35-50 units per day for SIX days to cater a potential market population of 1,000 people. 3. A six month projection with a Incremental boost In sales for the first quarter to the 4th month and a plateau projection at the 5th month onwards subject to business performance review.In order for us to come up with a price point data, we decided to follow the price point signaled by the Stir Fry Noodle kiosks in Greater Metro Manila. This is to eradicate any possible price adjustments in the future should we wish to grow the business further by offering franchising opportunities to other entrepreneurs who wish to franchise our start up business. We also believe that the Stir Fry noodle kiosks have already undergone an extensive survey on an af fordable price point for the Stir Fry Noodles considering this will be the first of Its kind In Dave Doctors College canteen.We will be offering a variety of promotions identified on specific occasions as well as seasons to ensure a steady flow of client interest and repeat purchases. Timeliness will also be created with regard to marketing activities to further ensure the implementation as well as the executing and viability of success for each and every marketing activity done. Initial activities and strategies would be below the line marketing strategies considering that we have a very minimal budget and funds for marketing activities.Some of these would be the following: Price promotion On the opening day we will create a single day promotion or opening salvo promotion f 50% off for the first 100 customers. This Is to ensure we will create a stir during opening day and ensuring that we will be able to reach a maximum number of clientele who would be satisfied with our product an d spread by word of mouth our business. Vouchers and coupons We would be selling out discounted vouchers or coupons at 50% lesser price than the standard price point. The objective of doing this is to maximize the number of people who redeem them.Gifts with purchase (Pick a prize event) We would give customers something extra or get the chance to win something extra . E. An additional simoom or a free drink when they buy one or more stir fry noodles. And finally in this day and age of technology and social media, we will ensure that our social media presence is engaging as well as intriguing enough to gain a number of followers thereby ensuring us a potential captured market who would not only be our potential customers but a potential business partner In the near future.At the onset of the business we will initially focus on serving and delivering the quality and standards we wish to impart on our immediate clientele. Of course we ill not discount the power of clients who wish to t aste our product thus once we have established a proper process flow and operational system, we will expand our branches to other areas such as the following: Overland transport terminals Bazaar Areas Exhibit and Booth Activities Schools and or Universities Malls Business Hubs And wherever we deem there is enough flow of consumer traffic as well as including delivery and packed meals to our service.In ensuring that this will increase our sales and profitability we will therefore have to add more machinery such as our own emissary / kitchen to cater to these expansions and services. For deliveries, we will initially be accepting deliveries in the 1 kilometer radius and increase our capacity as well as delivery fleet detrimental on the demand generated. A dedicated mobile number for the three networks will be provided and sooner or later a SMS auto capturing and relaying system similarly used by R. A.Ha Taxi services will be used to ensure that no orders will be forgotten and that eff iciency as well as timeliness of the deliveries will be ensured. Product Identification HO-MAIM GOAD Stir Fry Noodles is a food cart that offers stir fried noodles mixed with a variety of condiments, sauces and mixtures that the customer can freely choose based on their very own palate complimented with their own choice of dim sum (sis- mat). The customer simply has to mix in their preferred sauces and may choose to experiment mix matching these sauces and condiments to suit their taste topped by their selected choice of dumdums.Dumdums choices will either be pork, chicken, beef, shrimp and crab. Beverages such as mineral water and the local stag's Goldman mix ill also be available for consumption as these will complement the taste of the Stir- fry noodles. Should the customer wish to have a pre-concocted sauce then a menu of the specific pre concocted sauce will be provided of which they will mix in with Strength No existing competitors in the immediate vicinity to up to approximat ely meters from business location.Multiple condiments and sauces complement ones creative imagination in coming up with their own personal flavor and taste A full and affordable meal complete with the basics such as carbohydrates and protein acquirement of the human body. Affordable pricing for a sumptuous meal complete with sanitary and quality set standards. Weakness Start up business without any existing process and operational flows. Needs resources for the accumulation and procurement of raw materials and main ingredients.No procedural flow chart on product preparation and standardization. Lack of training for potential manpower employment. Lack of initial capitalization and funding resource. Opportunities Big room for expansion considering there is no other competitor with the same concept in the local region. Marginal room for error considering the startup location of the business will be established in a lesser populated area thereby increasing chances of improving process f lows and preparation standardization.

John Locke Essay

John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government has been, and continues to be, a cornerstone in Western political philosophy. The theory of government he presents in this particular document – that government is based on the sovereignty of the people – has been overwhelmingly influential since its publication in 1690. Before going further, however, it is necessary to understand the events from which the Second Treatise stems. As stated, this document was published in 1690, and it was done so anonymously. Two years prior to the publication, the highly unpopular King James II of England had been deposed – with no bloodshed whatsoever – and replaced by King William III and his wife, Queen Mary, who was a daughter of the deposed king. This event was known to history as the Glorious Revolution. Yet, when it occurred, Locke was not residing in England. However, he did have ties to the party that oversaw the Glorious Revolution – the Whigs. As a result of this relationship, Locke sought to justify the ascension of King William. Though the Second Treatise was written to justify the resistance that occurred to King Charles II, it was published to justify the Glorious Revolution. Locke’s Second Treatise begins with the premise that society is made up of free and equal individuals, all of whom are endowed with natural rights. He goes on to state that these same individuals will want to acquire possession, and most likely will engage in conflicts with one another. Therefore, he suggests that the natural law of morality be utilized to govern them. One major presumption made by Locke is the fact that, for a society to best protect itself and its property, the individuals within that society must join together and form a body politic, in which they agree to adhere to certain standards of behavior. To accomplish this, they must give up some of their natural rights. As history has since demonstrated, the giving up of natural rights has not always been met with a good response, as in the case of the American Civil War, where states’ rights was a major underlying cause. Within this civil society, the people must submit what they consider to be natural freedoms to the common law of that society. In return, they receive the protection of their government. An executive power – i.e. president – is given the authority to enforce the laws of the government, punishing any that break those laws. However, should the power held by the executive or other officials within the government fail to live up to their responsibilities, the people have the right and the responsibility to rebel against that government. Once they have rebelled against it, if they are successful in removing it, they must replace it with one that will abide by the laws set up for the smooth running of their society. It is this last concept that proves to be the crux of Locke’s document. It was what served as his motivation to write the Second Treatise. He wanted the British to understand they had the right to replace one government with another. It would be this concept that would serve as one of the underlying philosophies that would inspire revolutions in both America and France, as well as the documents on which America was founded on: the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. The various ideas presented in the Second Treatise – limited government based on natural rights and human dignity, unlimited personal property based on those same natural rights – are what make this document a superbly constructed argument against the concept of absolutism. Thus, it remains a most influential work within the realm of political philosophy, and within history in general.

Breach of Covenant That Was Present †Free Samples for Students

In the present case, the facts given in this question revealed the presence of the issue if puters Pty Ltd can successfully sue Systems Pty Ltd for the breach of covenant that was present in the employment contract of Chu with puters Pty Ltd. This issue has arisen as a result of the fact that after his retirement, a pany, Systems Pty Ltd was incorporated by Chu's wife. This pany has been taking on Business Law from the clients of puters Pty Ltd. in NSW while restrictive covenant present in the employment contract of Chu provides that he cannot join any business that petes with the pany for 2 years in NSW. Therefore, it needs to be seen in this case if puters Pty Ltd can take action against Systems Pty Ltd for the breach of this covenant. 1. It appears that in the present case, as soon as Chu took retirement from the pany, he had decided to start a business that was going to pete with puters Pty Ltd. However, in order to fulfill this objective, a pany under the name of Systems Pty Ltd had been formed by Chu's wife. She is the sole director of the pany and also holds all the issues the capital in the pany. This pany is taking the business of puters in New South Wales. The legal principle was provided in Salomon v Salomon according to which it was affirmed that after it's incorporated, generally panies considered as a separate legal entity that is distinct from its shareholders. In this way, the principle of separate legal identity of the corporation has been followed in Anglo Australian panies’ law for more than 100 years. Therefore, when a pany acts, it acts on its own and not simply as alias for the persons controlling the pany (Clarke and Clarke, 2016). In the same way, the shareholders of the corporations cannot be held labor regarding the debts of the corporation beyond the initial capital investment. Similarly, they do not have any proprietary interest in the assets of the pany. In Jones v Lipman (1962), the defendant had entered into a contract for selling his land. However, later on he changed his mind. Therefore, the defendant found the pany and he was the owner/director of this pany. The land was transferred to this corporation and the defendant declined to perform the transaction. As a result, the relief was sought by the plaintiff. In this case, the court stated that the remedy of specific performance can be granted against the contracting vendor, because it was in his authority to force the other person to convey the property in question. Therefore, specific performance was ordered against the director and the pany. The court held that the pany cannot escape or divest itself from the knowledge that has been gained by it through the director. The court stated that the pany was a creature of the controlling director or a device or a mask that the director holds before his face for the purpose of avoiding recognition by equity. However, there are certain circumstances where the court may arrive at the conclusion that the corporate veil needs to be pierced in a particular case. Therefore, while basic principle provides that under the corporation’s law, a pany is treated by the law as having its own separate legal identity. And as a result, it is considered to be distinct from its members. But as time passed by, the courts have e up with several exceptions to the application of this general rule. As a result, now under some circumstances, it is available to the court to set aside the fact that the pany enjoys a separate personality and concludes that the members of the pany can be held responsible for its actions. When such a decision is made by the court, it is said that the court had decided to lift the corporate veil (Khoury and   Yamouni, 2010). The facts of Gilford Motor pany Ltd v Horne (1933) are somewhat similar to the problem given in the present case. In this case, Mr. Horne was working as the managing director of the Gilford Motor pany. After he left the pany, he decided to incorporated his own pany. Therefore, after the entire production of his pany, he started to solicit the clients of Gilford Motor Co. on the other hand, there was a non petition covenant present in his employment contract. Therefore, the issue was if the actions of Mr. Horne's pany can be considered as a breach of the non petition covenant present in his employment contract. However, the court decided that this amounted to the breach of covenant and granting an injunction against Mr. Horne and his pany. In support of its decision, the court stated that the pany incorporated by Horne was merely a cloak that had been used by Horne for the purpose of breaching the non petition covenant. A somewhat similar decision has also been given by the court in J ones v Lipman (1962). Therefore in Gilford Motor Co v Horne, the defendant was the ex-MD of the plaintiff. However, there was a restrictive covenant present in his employment contract. In view of this clause present in the employment contract, he was refrained from joining a business in petition with his former employer. Therefore in order to avoid this covenant, the defendant formed a pany and he tried to transact his business through this pany. Therefore, at the first instance, the court held that this pany has been formed for the purpose of allowing the business to be carried on under the control of the defendant but without injuring the liability for the breach of the covenant. That was present in his employment contract. In this way, the court noted, the reality that this pany was being used by the defendant as a channel through which he was performing his business in breach of the covenant. In such a case, it can be said that the pany has been formed only as a cloak or sham due to the reason that in reality the business was being carried on by Chu. Due to the reason that the restrictive covenant prevented Chu from peting with the business of puters Pty Ltd. whether as principal or, while acting as an agent for another party, it was not relevant if the business belonged to him or the belonged to his wife, provided that the business was being carried on by Chu. The only significance of the interposition of the corporation was to maintain the pretense that the business was being continued by other person. Therefore, in such a case it can be said that there is no doubt on the basis of the present facts that the pany formed by Chu's wife was created for the purpose of acting as a channel through which Chu was going to carry on his business that will pete with the business of puter Pty Ltd. Although under the corporations law , it has been provided that a pany has to be considered as a separate legal entity that is distinct from those who manage the affairs of the pany, but in the present case, it can be said that it was one of the reasons behind the creation of the pany by Chu's wife was the fear that Chu may be held responsible for the breach of the covenant and with the help of the formation of this pany, he may be able to avoid liability if he acted through the pany. On these grounds, it can be said that this pany has been formed merely as a device or a stratagem for the purpose of acting as a mask to effectively carry on the business of Chu. In the present case also, puters Pty Ltd is required to establish in the court that the new pany, Systems Pty Ltd had been formed only with a view to evade the application of the restrictive covenant present in the employment contract of Chu according to which he cannot pete with puters Pty Ltd for a period of two years in New South Wales. Hence the court may decide that the corporate veil should be lifted in this case and the restrictive covenant in the employment contract of Chu needs to be enforced against the pany created by Chu’s wife, Systems Pty Ltd. At the same time, as puters had created a subsidiary pany and the benefit of the restrictive covenant can also be provided to this pany. C Kidd, (1985) ‘Partial Performance o Lump Sum Contracts: Proposals for Reform’, 59 Australian Law Journal 96   Daniel Khoury, Yvonne Yamouni, 2010, Understanding Contract Law, 8 th Edition, LexisNexis Butterworths Jane Swanston, (1981) ‘Discharge of Contracts for Breach’, 13(1) Melbourne University Law Review 69 M Dockray, (2001) ‘Cutter v Powell: A Trip Outside the Text’, 117Law Quarterly Review664; P Clarke, J. Clarke, 2016, Contract Law, mentaries, Cases and Perspectives, 3 rd Edition, Oxford University Press  

Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Supply chain management - Essay Example A push system however can meet the requirements of a system which needs large inventory which would be difficult for a pull system to manage. Therefore push systems are good for demand that doesn’t depend on conditions that is, it is ‘independent’ and thus they are dependable sources especially when uncertainty exists in the environment. (Hirano, 2009) Just in time inventory (JIT) is one of the models of inventory and it follows the pull system that can react quickly to demand changes. It is a production strategy which aims to improve business models by increasing their return on investment (ROI) by reducing the time and costs associated with inventory. The process is built around the importance of signals which exist between processes and which will signal the production process when to produce the next part. The signals also called ‘Kanban’ are simply visual and they show shelf space etc. JIT inventory management can lead to improvement in the organ ization of manufacturers and enhances quality, efficiency and investment. The focuses are on the quality, flow of products and the employees. The process is such that depletion in stock will signal personnel to order in new stock and overall inventory reduction is achieved which is the main purpose of this style of management. (Dennis, 2002) This will lead to lower costs of warehousing; however JIT has other elements involved such as the fact that it is not independent of the other proponents of the system. Manufacturers have tried to better this process over the years by forecasting better such as using methods such as trailing. JIT seems to be an appropriate plan for companies...A push system however can meet the requirements of a system which needs large inventory which would be difficult for a pull system to manage. Just in time inventory (JIT) is one of the models of inventory and it follows the pull system that can react quickly to demand changes. Good information system Manufacturing resource planning (MRP) is a push method of inventory management. MRP and JIT compared Since JIT doesn’t allow for pushing of products visibility in JIT is less than in MRP system where forecasting allows for visibility. MRP process also protects each part of the process of operations from being disrupted and therefore it is a more proactive process as compared to JIT approach. The main sacrifice a firm has to make in JIT management system is the inventory and capacity. However in MRP system the stock of extra products allows the system to be continuous and work all the time including when it is not needed. JIT is also a more decentralized approach to operations management which isn’t the case with MRP system or any other system for that matter. A hybrid system Firms were using MRP push model initially and then they started looking towards pull systems like JIT.

Ethnic Conflict and Multiculturalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ethnic Conflict and Multiculturalism - Essay Example This essay stresses that admittedly, there are enough instances in history that substantiate Huntington’s theory. But as many instances, if not more, can be presented that contradict the thesis. For example, there is undue stress on the apparent incompatibility of Islamic and Western civilizations and the resultant conflict between the two entities. But a brief look at twentieth century political history would suggest several instances where these two seemingly incompatible entities do successfully cooperate. In other words, the seemingly strong ethno-nationalistic bond within the Islam dominated countries of the Middle East would overwhelm opportunistic commercial alliances between the two ethno-national groups. This paper makes a conclusion that in the prevailing world order, the fight for supremacy in the realms of ideology, material wealth and territorial conquest have superseded conflicts on the basis of differing ethnicity and its attendant attributes such as religion, culture, language, etc. Of all the constituent elements that comprise a particular nationalism, its identification with religion, ethnicity and culture form the core. A nation’s affiliation with these elements is constantly being challenged by forces of change in the economic and ideological domains. In this scenario, justifications for aggression in the name of nationalism seldom holds true. Claims such as ‘aggression is defence’ are not only irrational, but also devoid of merit.

Global analysis of communication media in China Essay

Global analysis of communication media in China - Essay Example There is more than one factor which determines the global communication outlook of a country. For a country like China major factors that hamper its global communication issue include, but are not limited to the political and institutional based constraints the country faces, lack of knowledgeable and skillful workforce and major differences in cultural and media traditions in comparison to how they are in the west. At this stage it wouldn’t be wrong to say that China is centrally situated in the global communication setting owing to several issues. The most important of them include the fact that China is, in fact a leading super power, and the world wants to know more and more about it. They are competitive to such an extent that at the current point of time, businesses from all over the world face a threat from the Chinese businesses and hence need to be aware of what is going on there. It has been observed there are various political and institutional constraint in China t hat block the path of global communication. ... It must also be mentioned here that there are major differences in how international media anchors operates in comparison to how the Chinese counterparts do and this do. It has also been observed that Chinese officials are to be blamed for their failure to harness the country’s positive image across by using the international media to their benefit. Another major factor which pushes away China from being perfectly open to global communication the country’s media men lack proper interaction with foreign media. Moreover, they are not given proper communication and PR courses and that’s one of the key reasons why they fail to convey the fuller picture of China to the international media. The Chinese media men and bureaucracy also lack knowledge of foreign audience and that also majorly compromises the way their external communication setting. It is advisable that people involved in such places be familiar with international culture and traditions so they understand who they exactly are reporting to and present the country’s image accordingly. The national media model in the country is not a very complicated one. There are government backed broadcasters as well some private media houses in the country who are responsible for serving the Chinese population at home and abroad. It must also be mentioned here that most of the information that comes out on the media is highly susceptible to censor by the Chinese government. Any material that is deemed to be anti-government or which is likely to promote a negative image of the country abroad, even though it may be true, is censored completely and the government takes this very seriously (Golan, Johnson and Wanta, 2010). This can be understood from the fact that the internet giant Google had to shut down its

The Real Expense of Illegal Immigration Research Proposal

The Real Expense of Illegal Immigration - Research Proposal Example It has been estimated that the added cost to the federal government will be more than $15 billion per year when the present illegal aliens become citizens and begin collecting welfare benefits. The proposed bill will add greatly to this number because it will encourage a new surge of low skilled workers through its guest worker program. Traditionally, immigrants to the U.S. were less likely than those born in America to collect welfare. This historic arrangement has radically changed over the past three decades. Today, immigrant families are at least 50 percent more likely to receive federal benefits than those born in this country. Additionally, immigrants are more likely to adapt their lives to rely on the welfare system and studies have shown the longer immi ¬grants stay in the U.S., the more likely they are to be on welfare. To further aggravate the situation, when an illegal immigrant becomes a citizen, he can legally bring his parents who also have the right to become citi ¬zens. The estimated long-term cost of overall federal benefits could exceed $50 billion per year for the parents of the 10 million beneficiaries of amnesty. â€Å"In the long run, the bill, if enacted, would be the largest expansion of the welfare state in 35 years† (Rector, 2006). Approximately half of current illegal immigrants do not possess a high-school level education. Welfare use among this group and for low-skill immigrants granted amnesty is three times the rate for the U.S. born citizens.

The legality of lying Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The legality of lying - Research Proposal Example This is not always the case, and later in this discussion, it will come to light that not all lies are bad and not all lies are good either. Project overview In the efforts to find effective conclusions, the study will be guided by the objective of assessing the legality of lying. In order for the study, to achieve its objectives, a wide range of literatures will be consulted. This will include books, internet search, journals, and relevant researches. In this regard, a clear articulation of concepts related to lying and their legalities will be prioritised. This can be argued to be necessary because the law has been under siege for the allegations of it being selective in its application. For example, when a policemen lies before a court of law by a way of exaggerating the situation in order irritate the accused in bid to pressure him/her tell the truth, this kind of lying could be necessary in helping the court assess the truth. The study finds it necessary to utilise secondary dat a in its methodology because they will give a wide range of information, which will help understand the phenomena at hand. In the analysis of the data, grounded theory will be utilised in order to have a comprehensive analysis. The study will benefit various legal institutions and open up a wider view of how the issue lying is applicable in various legal concepts. Politicians Basing one’s argument on the sensitivity of their positions in society, the question then beckons; is it okay to lie? A politician is always under scrutiny from the public either directly or through intermediaries like the media on all actions that they take whether in their public or private lives. There are at times justifications where lying is acceptable. It is often in cases where politicians cannot really explain their actions, for example, in international affairs that they find solace in lying (Mearsheimer 2011). When British parliamentarians made claims to the exchequer for additional funds thro ugh making false claims, there was an uproar which saw them return the excess funds and apologize for having done so. This is a case where lies were made to benefit the politicians. Looking at this case study, the question that lingers on one’s mind is what are the benefits that accrue to lying? For example, a government can opt to exaggerate the situation at hand in order to obtain grants or monetary assistance from the international community. Nevertheless, some politicians have tendencies of using lies for their own personal gains. This can be viewed as a breach of law. On the other hand, although it can be claimed that some forms of lying can be recognised as being legal, it depends with the gravity of the consequences of that particular lying, and how the party involved can defend their actions legally. The severity of lying coming from a politician will mainly depend on the matter at hand. Every leader’s main goal in life is to ensure that the best interests of h is country are upheld. If a leader finds it necessary to lie about a certain leader who oppresses people and that if those lies help remove the oppressor from power and that this will benefit the greater majority of citizens, in such a case, though unprofessional, the lie will be justified. On the other han

Statistics project what factors affects the happiness of a country - 1

What factors affects the happiness of a country - Statistics Project Example influenced by the economic, social, political, psychological and geographical factors such as Life Expectancy, Well-being, Happy Life Years, Footprint, Happy Planet Index, Population, GDP and governance ranking (Michael 21) and (Neil 32). The aim and objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the factors listed and the level of happiness of a country (Helliwell et al, 54). It therefore applies the quantitative analysis methods to show how the different factors are related to the level of happiness of the counties (Joop & Hessel 28). This study applies three statistical methods in the analysis of the relationship between countries’ happiness and the factors that cause happiness. The two methods are linear correlation analysis, statistical descriptive summary and graphical comparison (James 43). The data used for this study was collected as secondary data from www.happyplanetindex.org/data/). The dataset already has data in quantifiable metrics such that they can be used for quantitative data analysis. The data analysis methods applied in this study will be quantitative and descriptive. All the independent variables are in numerical forms except the country and the regions (McMahon 54). The relationship between each country’s happiness and the rest of the variables is tested through the correlation analysis (Gregg 32). The correlation coefficients demonstrate the link between happiness ranking for all the countries and each of the individual independent variables. The result for the linear correlation analysis is shown in table 1 below The third measurement taken in the analysis is the weight of influence of each of the variables on the level of happiness foe all the countries. The countries were divided into two categories, high happiness and low happiness countries. The ratios are taken as the average values of each dependent variable for the high happiness countries divided by the average equivalent for the low happiness countries

Are the Peasants Revelting Occupy Wall Street Takes on the World Essay

Are the Peasants Revelting Occupy Wall Street Takes on the World - Essay Example Of  course  the  nature  of  peasantry  has  altered.  To  judge  by  the  Twitter  feeds,  Facebookpostings,  blog  entries,  YouTube  uploads,  and  the  nearly  interminable  scroll  of  theOccupyWallStreet  website,  modern  hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of  water  can  be  fairly  said  to"serf  the  Internet." Yet  the  underlying  causes  of  revolt  haven't  changed  since  Sparta's  fifth  century  BC  helottroubles  or  the  Roman  Republic's  First  Servile  War  of  135-132  BC.  The  few  have  a  lot.  Themany  have  little.  Click  reset. ... There  isn't  much  good  to  be  said  about  the  origins  or  the  outcomes  of  peasant  revolts,  butthere  are  good  reasons  they  keep  happening.  Economic  distress  equals  political  unrest,  on  theperfectly  reasonable  assumption  that  politics  and  economics  are  joined  at  the  hip.  No  matter  ifthe  wrong  Siamese  twin  often  takes  the  beating--any  political  unrest  will  have  some  influenceon  foreign  policy. As  political  unrest  goes,  the  Occupy  movement  would  seem  insignificant.  There's  somethingtoo  smug,  ironic,  and  self-admiring  in  the  way  it  quotes  the  styles  of  protests  with  moresubstance,  protests  against  racial  discrimination,  war,  and  dictatorship.  A  November  17th  blogpost  at  OccupyWallStreet.org  claimed,  " This  is  the  climax  of  a  decades-long  battle  for  the  soulof  humanity  itself."  But,  according  to  the  New  York  Daily  News,  when  Joan  Baez  sang  atZuccotti  Park  many  of  the  sleep-in's  youngsters  didn't  know  who  she  was.  (And  Occupy  hasmore  bongo  drums  than  even  an  old  beatnik  like  Joannie  could  tolerate.) But  we  live  in  a  virtual  world.  Action  increasingly  takes  place  in  our  imaginations.  And  OccupyWall  Street  has  tweaked  the  imagination  of  America  even  if  most  Americans  can't  quiteimagine  sitting  under  tarps  in  front  of  the  local  T.  Rowe  Price  office,  talking  about  it  all  night.

Network Diagram Essay Example for Free

Network Diagram Essay 2. A medium-sized engineering firm has three separate engineering offices. In each office, a local LAN supports all the engineers in that office. Due to the requirement for collaboration among the offices, all the computers should be able to view and update the data from any of the three offices. In other words, the data storage server within each LAN should be accessible to all computers, no matter where they are located. Draw a network diagram that will support this configuration. 3. A small start-up company has a Web-based customer sales system that is written by using PHP and JavaScript. The company is deciding whether to host the system on its own servers, contract with a hosting company for a virtual server, or go to amazon’s cloud. Volumes are expected to be low at the beginning, and it is hard to predict the growth patterns, although there is a potential for rapid growth. Decide which alternative the company should choose. Defend your decision by giving advantages and disadvantages of each solution based on the characteristics of the start-up company. I would recommend them to get a contract from a hosting company that can suffice all their needs. There are lots of web hosts that support companies for sales system; they even give additional functionalities for a reasonable price. Online threats are emerging nowadays, it is not safe to host a system yourself especially if you’re company is still new and needs more experience. Most hosting companies are almost invulnerable to threats and that should be your priority for your company. 4. Find four separate hosting providers and compare their offerings, including prices. Put your answer in a table showing the results of your research. Add additional row for the sources/references. HostPapa http://www.hostpapa.com/ Price Value At HostPapa, you truly feel like youre getting the family discount, what with so much being offered for less than $4 a month. Enjoy unlimited storage and bandwidth for unlimited sites, all Softaculous-enabled and equipped with HostPapa Website Builder. Beyond that, youll also receive online stats and  reporting tools, full email versatility, developers tools and extensive third party web design and multimedia software support. Dont forget, HostPapa web hosting gives you free domain registration for the first year, and free setup. Reliability HostPapa web hosting guarantees youll get maximum uptime (99.9% uptime guarantee and 99.9% network uptime guarantee) and promises to provide around the clock/around the calendar server monitoring. They regularly perform secure and reliable backups of all your data to protect against unforeseen emergencies. Control Panel Joy of joys, all HostPapa customers get the full benefits of the industrys most popular and user-acclaimed control panel: cPanel. Large, intuitively organized icon-based buttons empower you to perform any number of administrative tasks. The main menu includes a real-time display of every stat and figure relevant to your web hosting account and your websites activity and performance. Customer Support At HostPapa, youll get all the one-on-one help setting up and getting started that you need as well as dedicated customer service any time you need it. Choose from phone, live chat, and email support, or do-it-yourself with the HostPapa library of helpful and easy to follow video tutorials and online help docs. iPage http://www.ipage.com/ Price Value The web experts at iPage.com have managed to compile an eye-popping list of services and value-added extras and package them neatly into a all-encompassing web hosting package. Currently on promotion for just $1.99 a month, iPage.com is proving that sometimes you actually get more than you pay for. Reliability iPage.com uses a system of pooled servers so there is always server space available to you. The first and fastest machine available will serve your website. A pool of servers provides redundancy, streamlined service, and maximum uptime. Control Panel The iPage control panel offers users tools to create, enhance and manage their websites simple and effectively. iPage.com has also worked closely with Google to integrate the industry-leading Google Tools for Websites right into your control panel. Customer Support iPage.com makes a remarkable promise: when you contact their customer service department, theyll put you in touch with an agent within two minutes. iPage offers around the clock support via live chat, phone and e-mail. HostGator http://www.hostgator.com/ Price Value Host Gators shared web hosting plans start at $3.96 a month (the recently upgraded Hatchling plan) and include unlimited disk space and bandwidth. Their reseller plans are offered for prices ranging from $24.95 to $99.95 per month, and their dedicated server plans range from $174.00 to $374.00 per month. Put it all together and you have one company that wants to remain competitive in the web-hosting market. Reliability HostGator has chosen The Planet, located in Dallas, Texas, to house their data center. The Planet boasts over 35,000 square feet of raised floor space, and features state-of-the-art security, safety, and cooling systems. This facility is accompanied with Multiple TXU electrical grids, 4800 volts of input power, DataTrax monitoring software for the whole data center infrastructure, and a fully meshed and redundant Certified Cisco Network  featuring 10 backbone providers. Control Panel Host Gator employs the industry standard control panel, cPanel. This control panel is one of the best in the industry, and has over 39 scripts that can be installed. It is easy to learn and use, as it provides more than one million end users the ability to install dozens of leading open source programs, accompanied with flash movies for instant tutorials. Customer Support Host Gator is becoming one of the leading companies offering quick responses and a personal touch to their support system. They present 24/7/365 phone support, online chat, fax, peer support forums, and a wide variety of cPanel flash video tutorials. Their knowledgebase is also quite extensive and useful. JustHost http://www.justhost.com/ Price Value Unlimited disk space, unlimited bandwidth, unlimited domain hosting, unlimited email accounts, unlimited MySQL databases, has it priced at just $2.25 per month. And that fee includes a free domain for life, a free point-and-click SiteBuilder with templates, a free e-Commerce shopping cart, and a free Spam Assassin for your email. Reliability At JustHost you get a 99.9% uptime guarantee on service. Just Host s reliability is guaranteed, in part, thanks to their unique load balancing technology and super fast backbone connections. With load balancing, your site is available from multiple servers, so if one server becomes unavailable, your site will still be live on the other server, virtually eliminating site downtime. Control Panel If we had to pick just one web hosting control panel to use and forgo all  others, it would be the very same control panel that just so happens to come with Just Host web hosting plan. Its cPanel, of course, the industry leader for mastering user-friendliness and ease-of use. All the resources, tools, and even web statistics are right there in one place, at your disposal. Plus you can personalize and customize your cPanel for an even easier webmastering experience. Customer Support The JustHost support center offers a full range of help features, from assisted support 24/7 via live web chat, 1-888 toll-free telephone, and email support ticket system to self-guided help via searchable and categorized online FAQ and articles, web tutorials, and an active user community. Source: http://www.hosting-review.com/web-hosting.php?aff_sub=H-R-Revised-Legacy-Hosting-International ENaff_sub2=web%20hosting%20reviewsaff_sub3=bgclid={gclid}gclid=COqOnOXH-sACFYeSvQodIHsAHg

The Kite Runner Essay Example for Free

The Kite Runner Essay Is set in December 2001 when Amir the narrator is living in San Francisco. He recalls an event that occurred in 1975 which happened in Afghanistan where he grew up. He doesn’t go into detail about what happened but says what happened there made him who he is today. Amir gets a call from a friend named Rahim Khan who asks Amir to come to Pakistan to visit him. When Amir gets off the phone he walks along golden gate park, when he sees to kites which reminds him of his friend Hassan , the kite runner. â€Å"It’s wrong what they say about the past, I’ve learned, about how you can bury it. Because the past claws its way out. Looking back now, I realize I have been peeking into that deserted alley for the last twenty-six years. † Pg 1 â€Å"It was my past of unatoned sins. † Pg1 â€Å"For you, a thousand times over. † pg 2 Chapter two Amir and Hassan lived two different lives, as Amir lived in a mansion with his father Hassan lived in a small mud hut. Hassan has always been good with his slingshot, they both liked to annoying people by reflecting the sunlight into their neighbours window from glass. It was always Amir idea to do these things but Hassan never blamed him. Both of the boys don’t have mother , Amir mother died giving birth as Hassan mother run away after giving birth . Hassan is a Hazara which is a persecuted ethnic group in Afghanistan, while Amir and Baba are Pashtuns. Once while Amir And Hassan were walking a solider yells at Hassan saying he had sex with his mother. Since the boys both didn’t have a mother Baba found a nurse for the boys to feed off. They both shared the same breast. â€Å" He wouldn’t deny me. Hassan never denied me anything. † Pg 4 â€Å" People say that eyes are the windows to the soul. † Pg 8 â€Å"Mine was Baba. His was Amir. My name. Looking back now on it ,I think the foundation for what happened in the winter of 1975 – and all that followed- was already laid in those first words. † Pg11 Chapter three Amir describes his father Baba, to be a tall man with a thick and wild beard. Baba did everything people said for him not to do he always proved them wrong. Baba came one of the most successful businessmen in the city. One of the stories Amir is told that his father wrestled a real bear. Amir is always tiring to be just likes his father but it is never successful . Amir is passionate about reading and writing , Baba fears for him as he is not like the other boys . Amir is always jealous on how well his father and Hassan get along. Amir was learning at school that drinking was a sin. As Baba drinks he has a different opinion about it and really dislikes Mullah Fatiullah Khan. â€Å" I have imagined Baba’s wrestling match countless times, even dreamed about it . And in those dreams, I can never tell Baba from the bear . † pg 12 â€Å" He asked me to fetch Hassan too , but i lied and told him Hassan had the runs. I wanted Baba all to myself. † Pg 13 â€Å" the problem , of course, was that Baba saw the world in Black and white. And he got to decide what was black and what was white. You cant love a person who lives that way without fearing him too. Maybe even hating him a little. † Pg 15 â€Å" god help us if Afghanistan even falls into their hands. † Pg 16 Baba only sin he believe in : â€Å" when you kill a man, you steal a life, You steal his wife’s right to a husband, rob his children of a father. When you tell a lie, you steal someone’s right to the truth . When you cheat, you steal the right to fairness. Do you see? † pg 17 â€Å" if I hadn’t seen the doctor pull him out of my wife with my own eyes , I’d never believe he’s my son . † pg 22 Chapter four Baba and Ali grow up together but Baba never considers them being friends as they have different religion and ethnic . Amir thinks the same with Hassan . Amir often reads to Hassan as he is illiterate. One time Amir was telling him a story he had made up, Hassan thinks its the best story he has every told. That night Amir rights his very own first short story, Amir tries and shows Baba but he doesn’t pay any attention to him . Rahim Khan his father’s friend shows interest. Rahim reads his story and leaves Amir a note saying how good it is. Amir then goes and wakes up Hassan to show him the story , Hassan suggested something he should have done , Amir did not like that. â€Å" Never mind any of those things. Because History isn’t easy to overcome . Neither is religion. In the end, I was a Pashtun and he was a Hazara. I was Sunni and he was Shi’a and nothing was ever going to change that. Nothing. † Pg 24 â€Å"The same night , i wrote my first short story. † pg 29 ‘After all, didn’t all fathers in their secret hearts harbor a desire to kill their sons ? ’ pg 28 â€Å"When they left, I sat on my bed and wished Rahim Khan had been my father. †pg 30 â€Å"the word was bravo† â€Å" never mind the time. This story’s special. I wrote it myself. † Pg 31 Chapter five One night Amir Hassan and Ali were left at home when they here gunshots. They didn’t know what it was all about, but the next morning they hear talk on the radio, that Afghanistan becomes a republic. Amir and Hassan to go for a walk and go climb a tree, they discover Assef and two other boy of the neighbourhood , Assef is a bully. He carries around a set of brass knuckles, Assef bullies Hassan and calls him a flat-nose. Assef believes that Hitler had the right idea about ethnic purity. Assef thinks of Amir as a problem as he is friends with a Hazaras as they are both Pashtuns. He goes and hits Amir but Hassan gets in the way with his sling shot and scares him away . For Hassan birthday Baba offers him a gift of getting plastic surgery , Hassan cleft lip is just left with a faint scar. â€Å"None of us had any notion that a way of life had ended. Our way of life . † pg 34 â€Å" About Hitler. Now, there was a leader. A great Leader. A man with vision. Pg 37 â€Å"Afghanistan is the land of Pashtuns. It always has been , always will be . † pg 38 â€Å"you’re a disgrace to Afghanisitan. † Pg 39 It wasn’t fair. Hassan hadn’t done anything to earn Baba’s affection; he’d just been born with that stupid harelip. † Pg 43 Chapter Six In winter in Kabul it’s the best season for boys as schools close for icy season and it’s the best time to fly kites. Baba takes Amir and Hassan to go buy a kite for the annual Kite-fighting tournament, the last kite of the tournament to fall is a trophy of honour. Hassan is the best kite runner in Kabul, he always knows where the kite will land. Baba has confidents that Amir will win , if he wins Amir think he will win Baba’s approval. The day comes and they fly their kites , Amir wins. Hassan goes and finds Amir kite for him as Amir is getting congratulated . Amir doesn’t know where Amir had gone to he ask a old merchant and he says that boys were chasing him. Assef and his friends corner Hassan asking him for the blue kite, Hassan says no and they both argue back then Assef and his friend charge at Hassan , Amir sat there watching . After that Amir sees Hassan emerging from the alleyway crying and bleeding he hands him the kite. None of the boys speak of what happened, when they get home Amir falls into Baba’s hands and weep. â€Å" And kites , of course, Flying kites . And running them. † Pg 45 â€Å" the chill between Baba and me thawed a little. And the reason for that was the kites. † Pg 46 â€Å" The rules were simple: no rules. Fly your kite. Cut the opponents. Good luck. † â€Å"but Hassan was by far the greatest kite runner I’d ever seen . † pg 49 â€Å" In the winter of 1975, I saw Hassan run a kite for the last time . † pg 51 Chapter Seven The day comes and they fly their kites , Amir wins. Hassan goes and finds Amir kite for him as Amir is getting congratulated . Amir doesn’t know where Amir had gone to he ask a old merchant and he says that boys were chasing him. Assef and his friends corner Hassan asking him for the blue kite, Hassan says no and they both argue back then Assef and his friend charge at Hassan , Amir sat there watching . After that Amir sees Hassan emerging from the alleyway crying and bleeding he hands him the kite. None of the boys speak of what happened, when they get home Amir falls into Baba’s hands and weep. â€Å" Let’s fly. He said. † Pg 59 â€Å"And that right there was the single greatest moment of my twelve years of life, seeing baba on that roof, proud of me at last. â€Å" pg 63 â€Å"I opened my mouth, almost said something. Almost. The rest of my life might have turned out differently if I had. But I didn’t. I just watched. Paralysed. † pg 69 Chapter eight After the rape Amir and Hassan drift apart. Baba and Amir take a trip to stay at Baba’s cousins they have a large Afghan dinner , Baba is proud to say to everyone about the Kite tournament Amir is not happy about it . After the dinner they all lie in the same bed, Amir can’t sleep he admits out loud that he say Hassan get raped but everyone was asleep so they didn’t hear. When they return home Amir continues not to play with Hassan, he is confused why Amir is avoiding him he ask why and Amir tells him to stop harassing me, after that they avoid each other. One day Amir ask Hassan to go for a walk to a pomegranate tree, Amir ask Hassan what he would do if he threw the pomegranate at him, he starts throwing them at him, but Hassan doesn’t do anything back like Amir wanted him to . Instead he crushes it against his forehead. â€Å"But Hassan did nothing as I pelted him again and again. You’re a Coward! I said. Nothing but a goddamn coward! † pg 86 â€Å"I’ve never laid a hand on you , Amir, but you ever say that again He looked away, shaking his head. You bring me shame. And Hassan.. Hassan’s not going anywhere, do you understand ? † pg 84 â€Å" I’ll tell you what I want you to stop doing, I said eyes pressed shut , Anything, I want you to stop Harassing me. I want you to go away. † 82 Chapter nine The next morning Amir is thinking either he has to leave or Hassan and Ali must go. As he is opening is presents he wait till they leave as he grabs Baba present to him which is a watch and birthday money and hide it under Hassan pillow and tells Baba he stole it . when they return Baba ask Hassan if he stole them and to Amir surprise he says yes. Amir realizes Hassan saw him in the alleyway and knew what he was up to . Baba forgives him, but Ali says he must leave , Baba pleads them to stay. Amir sits their watching them go . â€Å" Except Baba stunned me by saying. I forgive you. † Forgive? But theft was one unforgivable sin, the common denominator of all sins. † Pg 98 â€Å" I flinched, like I’d be slapped. My heart sank and I almost blurted out the truth. Then I understood: This was Hassan’s final sacrifice for me. Pg 98 â€Å" either way , this much had become clear: One of us had to go. â€Å" pg 95 Chapter ten March 1981 Amir and Baba are on their way to Pakistan. They can’t trust anyone as Amir is embarrassed as he feels sick in the back of the truck. They left home in the middle of the night as the rafiqs or comrades as Amir called them have divided the society. People turn each other in for the money or under threat. When they are at the checkpoint a Russian guard spots one of the women in the truck and says if they wish to pass its an half hour with her. Baba won’t allow this. The Russian guard threatens to shoot Baba if he doesn’t sit down but another guard comes along to stop him. Amir feels sorry for Baba as he has to leave behind all the things he has done in Afghanistan . there though quickly change as they find out that Kamals father finds out his son didn’t survive the trip as of this he kills himself. â€Å" I’ll take a thousand of his bullets before I let this indecency take place. † Pg 101 Chapter Eleven Some tome since Baba and Amore now arrived to Fremont California. The moving to another country hasn’t been a easy one , especially for Baba. Amir notices the changes in his father and realizes he will never full adjust to life in America because he misses Afghanistan so much. Amir realizes that their move to a better place was for Amir’s future. Baba finds work at petrol station , in the summer of 1983 Amir graduates from High school, he decided to enrol in junior college and summons the courage to tell his father that he intends to continue writing , Baba is not impresses but accepts his decision, Amir enjoys life in America as it has no memories. 1984 Baba and Amir go to garages sales every Saturday and then sell their items at a swap marker where a large group of Afghan families work. That is where Amir meets General Taheri and his beautiful daughter Soraya. â€Å" I didn’t want to sacrifice for Baba anymore. The last time I had done that , I had damned myself. † Pg 117 Chapter Twelve Amir is increasingly tormented by his growing love for Soraya, they start seeing each other over several weeks. This continues until General Taeri reminds Amir that he is creating inappropriate gossip. Amir is distracted from his romantic ways when he discovers that Baba eventually starts to suffer from inoperable lung cancer. Baba refuses any medical help because it wouldn’t change the outcome. They go on with their lives as normal as they can but it becomes hard as Baba’s illness becomes to hard to hide. Baba has a seizure at the market and Soraya comes and comforts Amir. Baba refuse any more help with his condition , Amir now asks one more favour of his father. He wants to marry Soraya and as tradition demands he needs his father to ask Soraya father for her hand. Amirs proposal is accepted but , before formally getting married Soraya insists on confessing to an earlier affair because she dones want their marriage starting off with secrets. Amir admires her courage but was unable to make his own confession about his past. â€Å" I though of how I used my literacy to ridicule Hassan. How I had teased him about big words he didn’t know. † Pg 132 Chapter Thirteen There is a series of celebrations for the newly wed couple in which Amir is formally welcomed into Soraya’s family . Baba spends almost everything he has on his sons wedding. They live with Baba where Soraya dedicates herself to take care of Baba. After a month later he dies, Amir is terrified of life without his father . Amir completes his first novel acquires an agent and succeeds in getting his book published. Amir and Soraya have plently of trie on having a baby but they learn that they have unexplained infertily. They decied to move on to IVF but this to is unsuccessful and Soraya doesn’t want to adopt. Amir feels this is punishment for his past actions. â€Å" I realized how much of who I was, what I was, have been defined by Baba and the marks he had left on people’s lives. † PG 152 Chapter fourteen The narrative jumps forward to 2001 where Amir tells Soraya that he must go to Pakistan to see Rahim Khan. Amir endeavours to come to believe that Rahim Khan knows about his betrayal of Hassan but believes these is a way to be good again. â€Å" He knew about Assef, the kite, the money, the watch with the lighting bolt hands, He had always known. † Pg 168 Chapter fifteen It takes a long journey to go see Rahim Khan , he recalls their last meeting, some twenty years earlier. Amir arrives in Pakistan but barely recognises Rahim Khan, Amir tells him about Baba his wife and life in America and his successful writing career. Rahim Khan always tells him about life in Afghanistan and how much it has changed and they cruelity of the Taliban. He sadly tells Amir that he is dying and doesn’t have long to live. Finally he informs him what he really wants to talk about which is Hassan. â€Å"Rahim Khan had always been one of the most instinctive people I’d ever met. † Pg 173 Chapter sixteen It goes back to 1986 where loneliness and increasing ill health lead Rahim in search for Hassan . He finds him married to a woman named Farzana and living in a modest mud hut near the city of Bamiyan. Hassan tells Rahim that Ali was killed by a landmine in 1984. Hassan asks about Amir and Baba he was incredibly upset about baba’s death. Hassan decideds to go live with Rahim in Kabul but says he will live in the same hut where he grew up in this is where is wife gave birth to their still born daughter. In 1990 Hassan’s mother returns and comes to live with Rahim , Hassan rejects his mother. That winter Farzana gives birth to their son , sohrab . Hassan’s mother becomes very close to him, four years later she sadly dies. Hassan teaches his song how to read and write, shoot a slingshot and run kites. Hassan worries and the implications for the Hazara people . the taliban’s ban on kite fighting in 1998 . â€Å" Hassan taught him to read and write his son was not going to grow up illiterate like he had . † pg 186 Chapter seventeen Rahim Khan gives Amir a letter addressed to him from Hassan, which contains a photo of Hassan and his son. In the letter Hassan describes on how much Afhganistan has changed over the years. He also write for his hope that Amir will one day return to Kabul. The letter is 6 months old . rahimi tells Amir that the Taliban come to question him, they ordered him to leave Baba’s house but Hassan fought back with this the Taliban shot him. They shot his wife aswell but they toke their son to an orphanage. The real reason that Rahim wanted him to come to was to rescue Sohrab and bring him back to Pakistan. Rahim reveals that he is dying and wants Sohrab to go to a safe place and lastly he reveals that Hassan was Amir’s brother. Amir is deeply shocked and upset and doesn’t know what to think .

Virgin Organizational Culture

Virgin Organizational Culture Virgin Groups (History) Virgin was started in 1970 by Sir Richard Branson. Today, it is one of the worlds biggest brands in many sectors like financial services, travel, music, transportation, mobile telephony, music and fitness. With 300 companies worldwide, virgin employs about 50,000 people in 30 countries, its global branded revenues in 2009 Â £11.5 billion (About Virgin, 2010). In 1968, Richard Branson issued his magazine student. To the surprise of his family he sold 50,000 copies of his magazine. In 1970, he dropped out of school and started Virgin, it began as a mail-order record company, at that time a new has been introduced that enabled people to sell records at prices that were discounted and Branson took advantage of this law. Branson new company was an instant success, sales boosted. Then, a postal strike negatively affected the mail order business. Branson changed his strategy. He opened a small record store and it was successful, many other stores followed. Many setbacks followed the strike such as tax rates and labor strikes. However, Bransons character helped him overcome these obstacles because he enjoyed overcoming new challenges. He chose to name his company virgin because it means his lack of knowledge of the type of business he entered into. In the late 1970s Virgin sponsored many bands that became very popular in the UK. During the early 1980s Branson started the airline industry by flying people between America and London. He offered entertainment and unique features for passengers. During the early 1990s Virgin Atlantic opened routes to Tokyo, Greece, Hongkong and several U.S. cities Branson continued to sign records with big stars and make millions of dollars and expand his stores to new areas. Bransons extraordinary management methods was one of the key reasons of virgins success during the 1970s and 1980s, Branson favored slacks and sweaters and abandoned the traditional formal workplace suits and ties, furthermore another technique that Branson used was that he operated his holding company from his private barge relying on his personal assistant to keep him in contact with his administrative staff, Bransons barge was located in the industrial regents canal (Virgin Groups Company History) Introduction to Organizational Culture Cultural Functions It is hard to define a culture in a single way; culture is a broad word that can be adjusted on each and every nation differently. Not limited to nations, societies, and individuals, culture can be seen everywhere even in companies and organizations. Culture contains several values, principles, beliefs and behavioral style, artifacts, language and ceremonies, inside and outside an organization, where the employees can contribute to the organization within its rules and boarders. In the industry each and every union customs their own traditions, an organization will set its own culture based on its needs and requirement to represent itself (Components of Culture, 2005). The organizational culture is important to indentify the companys identity which will be successful by introducing three important functions (Principles of Management, 2008): Control system: this function basically states what the organization managers and staff are allowed and not allowed to do, it stays within certain rules that the work force of the company should follow, and it states their behavior. Social glue: it is driving the employees to feel more belonging and integrated to the organization as it fitful their needs and social networking, and to be an important role in this company. Sense making: this important area helps the employees to understand how the company functions, what are their goals, vision, values and how do they practice in their daily life to move forward with it. These important functions also apply on Virgin, since the 1980s Branson had his own unique style of management. He gave managers the authority and full control over the projects that he established. He heavily relied on a group of executives that he selected, he trusted them and allowed them to work in their Divisions with minimum interference, based on their performance Branson offered his executives high-value incentives. An example of Bransons innovative techniques to break up his large-less personal organizations into smaller units he disbanded his record enterprise into five companies by the late 1980s, each of which focused on different artists and bands. In addition, he empowered his employees to take risks without fear of failure. He is also well known to be an adventurer and a risk-taker (Virgin Groups Company History) Adaptive Culture Ethical Culture A culture of an organization is not only affected internally, it could also get affected externally, where it is very important for any organizations culture to be adaptive to change as the employees focus on changing the culture aligned with the environment surrounding it based on its needs and to keep track with the changes (Principles of Management, 2008). To create adaptive culture, there must be a strong communication between the staff and departments; therefore Virgins way of communication is well-built, where Branson is accessible easily for all staff to listen, understand what the employee needs to take this company to the higher level. Branson is a good example of a manager, where he gets to fly in the economy class and help in serving food, that makes him live the moment and observe what needs to be changed in his company (Brown, 2010). An organization should not only have an adaptive culture, but also it should encourage having an ethical culture where their employees can practice their values ethically and competing with honor (Principles of Management, 2008), for instance Virgin airlines; they look for people who are optimistic, enthusiastic and humble. The airline uses behavioral event interviewing, in which applicants are asked questions to Indicate particular behaviors and motivations that align with a Virgin Blue personality template (Breaking in a new culture: the Virgin Blue story, 2010). Strengthen the Organization Cultural Strategies Changing and strengthen the organization culture could be done in so many ways, one of the factors is the actions of the leaders and founders where they got the opportunity to set the standard for the company (Principles of Management, 2008), just like what Virgins high profiled leaders did, the reason behind the success, it is because it has 12 members who were there from the start and they established the culture of virgin (Breaking in a new culture: the Virgin Blue story, 2010). Another way of strengthen the culture is by consistent rewards for the employees to encourage them to behave in a certain way, not limited to rewards but in addition selecting and socializing employees that could blend in with the organization culture. Moreover, aligning artifacts where sharing the stories and the support of the culture and celebrating their goals (Principles of Management, 2008). Virgin did not neglect their employees, Branson is a generous man, where he opens his house for staff parties, send them Christmas gifts, give them responsibilities to make them have the sense of ownership as they are well treated with autonomy (Brown, 2010) Nothing comes without planning and strategizing, so does the culture where there are some strategies to merge different organizational cultures (Principles of Management, 2008): Assimilation: it is when an employee gains the cultural values from a company, and it works best when a company has a weak culture. Deculturation: it is basically stripping a company from its own culture and enforce new rules and values on it, and this happens when a certain culture doesnt work for a company that needs to change. Integration: it is based on combining two cultures into one advanced culture and put it into the best picture; this case can work in an existing culture to improve it. Separation: this case happens while merging companies, however, they agree on remaining different as their business pattern requires different cultures. Conclusion Virgin have their own values such as value for money simple, but not cheap, quality values, values for challenges, brilliant customer service, enjoyment and having fun Humor, but not offensive, and last but not least value for innovation Thinking outside the box (Brown, 2010). To conclude, culture is an important broad topic, and it shapes the identity of an individual or a company, it is recommended for every new entry in the industry to clarify their values, beliefs and rules to have a strong presence in the market, any organizations culture should always be fit within the environment, moderately strong and adaptive, managers should always be aware of presenting their brand in the best way possible, and culture is one of the elements that will help creating the companys brand.

Sexuality in Aubrey Beardsleys Story of Venus and Tannhäuser Essay

Sexuality in Aubrey Beardsley's Story of Venus and Tannhà ¤user Aubrey Beardsley wrote The Story of Venus and Tannhà ¤user during the fin de sià ¨cle, the end of the Victorian Era. This decadent work, following Baudelaire's credo "art for art's sake first of all," portrays sex and sexualities in a playful manner. In addition to mocking conventional Victorian moral codes, and parodying pornographic conventions, The Story of Venus and Tannhà ¤user also supports Foucault's idea that the Victorian Era witnessed a diffusion of sexualities. The Story of Venus and Tannhà ¤user was originally toned down and modified for publication in 1897 in The Savoy, a magazine that Beardsley served as art editor, under the title of Under The Hill. According to Stanley Weintraub, Venus and Tannhà ¤user was "the literally undisciplined and Rabelaisian original. But the longer manuscript's [Venus'] first eight chapters had sufficed for only four refashioned chapters of the purified and playfully footnoted Savoy text [Under the Hill]" (168). Venus and Tannhà ¤user is a decadent work, though the term "decadent" is difficult to define. As Elaine Showalter notes, the term had antithetical connotations at the end of the century. On the one hand, it was "the pejorative label applied by the bourgeoisie to everything that seemed unnatural" (169). But artists who embraced decadence as an aesthetic credo " . . .rejected all that was natural and biological in favor of the inner life of art, artifice, sensation and imagination" (170). Heather Henderson and William Sharpe note that these opposing connotations are typically combined in standard definitions of the term, since "In most cases the word [decadent] suggested an ultra-refined sophistication of taste allied wit... ...ory of Venus and Tannhà ¤user." Aesthetes and Decadents of the 1890's: An Anthology of British Poetry and Prose. Ed. Karl Beckson. Chicago: Academy, 1981. 9-46. Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality: An Introduction. Vol 1. New York: Vintage, 1978. Gillette, Paul J. Introduction. The Story of Venus and Tannhà ¤user. By Aubrey Beardsley. New York: Award, 1967. 21-67. Henderson, Heather, and William Sharpe. "Aestheticism, Decadence, and the Fin de Sià ¨cle." The Longman Anthology of British Literature: The Victorian Age. Ed. Heather Henderson and William Sharpe. New York: Longman, 1999. 1936-1938. Showalter, Elaine. Sexual Anarchy: Gender and Culture at the Fin de Sià ¨cle. New York: Penguin, 1990. Weintraub, Stanley. Beardsley: A Biography. New York: Braziller, 1967. Zatlin, Linda G. "Beardsley Redresses Venus." Victorian Poetry 28.3-4 (1990): 111-124. Sexuality in Aubrey Beardsley's Story of Venus and Tannhà ¤user Essay Sexuality in Aubrey Beardsley's Story of Venus and Tannhà ¤user Aubrey Beardsley wrote The Story of Venus and Tannhà ¤user during the fin de sià ¨cle, the end of the Victorian Era. This decadent work, following Baudelaire's credo "art for art's sake first of all," portrays sex and sexualities in a playful manner. In addition to mocking conventional Victorian moral codes, and parodying pornographic conventions, The Story of Venus and Tannhà ¤user also supports Foucault's idea that the Victorian Era witnessed a diffusion of sexualities. The Story of Venus and Tannhà ¤user was originally toned down and modified for publication in 1897 in The Savoy, a magazine that Beardsley served as art editor, under the title of Under The Hill. According to Stanley Weintraub, Venus and Tannhà ¤user was "the literally undisciplined and Rabelaisian original. But the longer manuscript's [Venus'] first eight chapters had sufficed for only four refashioned chapters of the purified and playfully footnoted Savoy text [Under the Hill]" (168). Venus and Tannhà ¤user is a decadent work, though the term "decadent" is difficult to define. As Elaine Showalter notes, the term had antithetical connotations at the end of the century. On the one hand, it was "the pejorative label applied by the bourgeoisie to everything that seemed unnatural" (169). But artists who embraced decadence as an aesthetic credo " . . .rejected all that was natural and biological in favor of the inner life of art, artifice, sensation and imagination" (170). Heather Henderson and William Sharpe note that these opposing connotations are typically combined in standard definitions of the term, since "In most cases the word [decadent] suggested an ultra-refined sophistication of taste allied wit... ...ory of Venus and Tannhà ¤user." Aesthetes and Decadents of the 1890's: An Anthology of British Poetry and Prose. Ed. Karl Beckson. Chicago: Academy, 1981. 9-46. Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality: An Introduction. Vol 1. New York: Vintage, 1978. Gillette, Paul J. Introduction. The Story of Venus and Tannhà ¤user. By Aubrey Beardsley. New York: Award, 1967. 21-67. Henderson, Heather, and William Sharpe. "Aestheticism, Decadence, and the Fin de Sià ¨cle." The Longman Anthology of British Literature: The Victorian Age. Ed. Heather Henderson and William Sharpe. New York: Longman, 1999. 1936-1938. Showalter, Elaine. Sexual Anarchy: Gender and Culture at the Fin de Sià ¨cle. New York: Penguin, 1990. Weintraub, Stanley. Beardsley: A Biography. New York: Braziller, 1967. Zatlin, Linda G. "Beardsley Redresses Venus." Victorian Poetry 28.3-4 (1990): 111-124.

progression of america :: essays research papers

Progress is a steady improvement, on advancement toward a better stage, America has made an enormous progression because of the charter issued by King James I of England; John Smith; and even though it was a small contribution, the Tobacco industry which was established by John Rolfe. May 24th was the first day for many settlers and they had no idea as to that day being the first day of the rest of their lives. A couple years passed and a charter came along from the king of England.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On May 24th, 1606, about 100 settlers set foot on â€Å"American† soil. They had founded Jamestown. This just didn’t come out of anywhere, King James I had proposed a charter for them to do so. The charter allowed the joint-stock company of England or also known as the Virginia Company to colonize (1.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Later after about two years a guy named Captain John Smith emerged as basically the savior of the colonists. He set the colonists straight. HE did this by forceful leadership. He knew that if they didn’t learn to survive, they would die. It was up to him as the leader to persuade them to do so. The colonists, before John Smith came along, died of malnutrition, disease, and attacks from Native Americans. Although John Smith did not reign for a long period of time, he accomplished a lot (2.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The tobacco industry, even though it was a small contribution to the progression of America, it was made possible by John Rolfe. He is credited with the introduction of tobacco into Virginia. Sir Walter Raleigh, even though did not introduce tobacco into Virginia he did indeed introduce it to England. John Rolfe found a tobacco that the colonists liked or enjoyed to smoke or chew, their was tobacco already that was planted by the native Americans but the colonists basically did not enjoy it so obviously it was good that someone like John Rolfe did (3.

Inflation Essays -- Economics

Inflation INFLATION CAN OUR ECONOMY GROW WITHOUT IT? INFLATION CAN OUR ECONOMY GROW WITHOUT IT? What is inflation? The definition of inflation, according to Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, is â€Å"an undue expansion or increase, from overissue.† Although, Webster’s is considered by most to be the overall best dictionary, WordNet states the meaning of inflation a lot clearer by saying, â€Å"it’s a general and progressive increase in prices.† It occurs when the value of goods rises faster than the value of money. The usual approximate measure of this is the Consumer Price Index, which weigh the prices of different goods according to importance in a typical budget and then shows how much the prices of these goods have increased. This immediately raises some problems; for example, the weight of the goods must change over time. The importance of computers was not measured in the price index 100 years ago. Another problem is the failure of the price index to capture changes in quality. The qualit y of a good may have improved by 20%, while the price has only risen by 10%. The consumer price index doesn’t feel this should be a factor, but many would disagree. Hence, inflation is not easy to define in practice. This should be kept in mind when discussing how to defeat inflation. There have been numerous theories on how to defeat inflation and even some theories on whether, or not, it should be defeated at all. Some say that inflation is not only expected, but often, needed. Economists believe that in order for the economy to expand and grow, there has to be some level of inflation. Therefore, the opposite holds true as well. If you want to lower inflation, you have to accept a semi-standard economy. They call this tradeoff the Phillips Curve. The Phillips Curve is thought to be the â€Å"proper† way of balancing economic growth and inflation. For this reason the Federal Reserve is always looking for the perfect equilibrium at which we can maximize our economic growth while keeping inflation as minimal as possible. They do this by increasing and decreasing interest rates. Although, Economists and the Federal Reserve abide by the Phillips Curve as a general rule for not letting inflation get out of hand, it has been proven many times in the past that it is possible to have a very healthy and prosperous economy without raising inflation at all. There are even exa... ...creased. This would show a truer relation of the prices of goods to the inflation of the economy. I can see the Federal Reserves reasoning behind raising interest rates to slow down the economy and lower inflation, but they need to realize that the rate of inflation is not completely dependant upon the rise and fall of the economies well-being. The past has proven to us numerous times that the economy is quite capable of being stable and prosperous without effecting the inflation rate in a negative way. That’s why I feel that it would be in the nations best interest to continue letting the economy expand into bigger and better things without raising interest rates to unneeded proportions. WORKS CITED Forbes, Steve. â€Å"Bad Idea Begets Bad Economy.† Forbes. Oct. 9, 1995: p23. Dentzer, Susan. â€Å"Honey, I Shrunk the Price Tag.† U.S. News & World Report. Sept. 23, 1996: p72. Forbes, Steve. â€Å"Stop Stunting Our Prosperity.† Forbes. Oct. 16, 1995: p27. â€Å"Inflation.† Hypertext Webster Gateway. Jan. 20, 1999: internet. http://work.ucsd.edu:5141/cgi-bin/http_webster?inflation Bootle, Roger. â€Å"Chapter 2-Prices.† The Death of Inflation. Nicholas Brealey Publishing. 1996: p488-489.

The Brief Wondrous

To experience passionate feelings for the first time is invigorating, maybe on the grounds that it increases to a startling level of self-change. We're all impacted by our loved ones, however a few of us all the more so. Evident in the novel, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, there are some people in the world who have extreme attachment and stress-related anxiety with being left alone, also known as Oscar in the story, ask themself of their own happiness. When the author, Junot Diaz, writes about self-growth throughout the novel, he explained that sometimes self-development can force you towards unfortunate propensities, making you more on edge, and even confused. In entering a relationship, there's a possibility that you might turn into someone you might not wish to become; which often causes individuals to make illogical decisions that configures their lives, in this case, Oscar being the individual making irrational decisions. Oscar had girlfriends as early as the age of seven, he was dating two girls from his school both Maritza Chacon and Olga Polanca at the same time. In spite of the three way relationship between the young lovers being an actual thing, it only lasted for a week. One day after school, Maritza wanted to face reality and confronted Oscar saying, â€Å"It's either her or me!†(Page14,Chapter1), Oscar being the player that he was with his Dominican Republic blood at age seven, wanted to share, having the best of both worlds, but Maritza wasn't accepting any of Oscar's nonsense. Maritza was different from the other girls Oscar had interacted with. She was beautiful and easy going with the guys, while the other girlfriend, Olga was unattractive and quiet. So it was pretty easy for Oscar to choose who to be with, Maritza. Only to be dumped not even a week after Oscar had dumped Olga! Oscar was doleful. So heartbroken to the fact that, he did not interact with another girl for years. After the whole situation of being dumped by Maritza, over the next couple of years Oscar became depressed, leaning towards food for comfort, in the end leading him to obesity, and when he got into the stage of early adolescence no one could really call him that cute little Dominican Republic boy anymore. Oscar got uncomfortable with his overweight body and no longer could go anywhere near girls, because they always â€Å"shrieked and called him gordo asqueroso.†(Page17,Chapter1). However, Oscar had become so desperate that if a girl talked to him for even a split second, he would fall in love with her. He â€Å"became a social introvert†(Page22,Chapter1), not having many friends throughout high school. â€Å"[Oscar's] affection-that gravitational mass of love, fear, longing, desire, and lust that he directed at any and every girl in the vicinity without regard to looks, age, or availability-broke his heart each and every day.†(Page23,Chapter1). As a result, he became very unwoeful with his life, abusing himself not only mentally but physically by lowering his self-esteem and self-confidence. As it came towards Oscar's Senior Year, â€Å"Oscar fell in love with a girl in his SAT prep class.†(Page33,Chapter1), Ana. Ana was a conversationalist, and in Oscar's perspective â€Å"[Ana] had beautiful Carribean-girl eyes†(Page34,Chapter1). She was a bit strange compared to the other girls, yet good-looking, making Oscar fall head over heels in love with her. Until one day she talked about her ex-boyfriend, Manny. Although things were going well between Ana and Oscar, the thought of Ana talking about Manny kept roaming in the back of his mind, pestering him.- â€Å"My parents loved Manny. My mom used to cook dinner for him all the time.†(Page35,Chapter1) Oscar liked Ana, but it didn't seem that Ana had the same feelings. Poor Oscar. When Ana had told Oscar that she and Manny were dating again, his heart got broken once more. Although this isn't the last time Oscar gets his heart broken, it sure is a starting point to deep, dark thoughts. As we read about Oscar's life in the novel, we can identify that due to the strong impression from Oscar's surroundings, he believed that a person needed to be loved, naturally he received stress from not succeeding, and in the end lost touch with reality. With peer pressure of having been told to lose his virginity more than several times, he became desperate, wanting to prove to himself that he too, can get a girl and be happy with life. However, due to the fact that Oscar couldn't really succeed in that area of expertise, it led him to numerous accounts of attempted suicide and eventually death.

Admission Questions

There is a Quaker saying: †Let your life speak.† Describe the environment in which you were raised–your family, home, neighborhood or community–and how it influenced the person you are today. (200 words, 2000 characters)I live in a family of four which includes my mom, my grandparents, and I. My mom worked long hours, so my grandparents looked after me and gave me all love and care. I took over the challenging responsibility of regularly giving him eye drops. He hated receiving them and made my job more challenging when he wouldn’t cooperate, but I never gave up. Today I am more confident with all the challenges faced so early in life.I now have a new perspective of my family and self. I have learned to embrace the reality and the facts of leading a positive life. Looking back, I realize that I am lucky to have shared the relationship I have with my grandparents. Instead of turning away from them, I stood by them and coped with them, often setting asi de my personal interests. The unbreakable connection I have with my grandparents is truly unique.I have deep respect and care for the elderly because I have learned that every second spent is precious and there is no end to learning. At the end, I learnt that my perception of an incomplete family just never existed and it changed my perception.2. College of Arts and Sciences: What work of art, music, science, mathematics, or literature has surprised, unsettled, or challenged you, and in what way?I like mathematics because it is challenging to me and I enjoy it. I actively seek and investigate its profound mystery. I feel exciting sense of achievement in solving complicated calculus questions and also obtain imagery recognition of a matter from analyzing it quantitatively. Mathematics’ charms and challenges are found in the fact that it is the spirit of all kinds of science.People can conclude the physic principle by studying calculus and can build a program by using mathemati cs formula. I am confident to continue exploring, studying and challenging mathematics and emerge as a better surprising research associate.

A Comparison of Two Short Stories Essay

Once† and analyze the ways in which each conveys the symbols of â€Å"The Journey†. A Journey Is defined as a â€Å"passage or progress from one stage to another: the journey to success† (Dictionary. om online dictionary, n. d. ). These two stories allows you to place yourself in the characters shoes to see and feel the story that is being old through the character eyes as you watch It unfold. The Journey that Is being told by Jean Rhys Is definitely one that can be related to by anyone that has made a visit to their childhood home minus the death. It is also easy to relate to Frost’s character because I have been at several crossroads in my life and have often chosen the road less taken, which has yielded great and not so great outcomes. These writings are obviously taking place outside on a road, indicating that a Journey Is In the works. Although both stories use imagery and symbolism, they are extremely different in heir message. Rhys’ story uses imagery to help detail the spiritual Journey ofa woman whose reality comes to a very climactic ending when she realizes that she is no longer alive. Frost’s story regales us with his version of Imagery In which his character learns that It’s not always important which road you take; as long as you choose one, you will experience the life that come with it. The character is trying to let us know that it is very easy to make a life-changing decision based on an outer something that was not known to the characters before the Journey began. As each f these stories develops, the characters do not portray the same mindset towards their paths. In both poetry and short stories, a theme is intended and conveyed through the author’s works. Literary elements such as rhythm, rhyme, and tone differentiate poems from short stories and dramatic works. However, there are some similarities between short stories and poetry which include fgures of speech, settings, foreshadowing and conflict. These allow the reader to connect to the author and their works. Settings are important because it depicts â€Å"the time or place in which fictional events occur. It puts boundaries around the action and defines the environment in which conflicts can be witnessed and character development observed. Setting may also have a social dimension in which particular local customs, dress, or speech provide a framework for understanding the characters and their interactions† (Clugston, 2010). The one major similarity between these two works is the absence ofa plot. Our text defines a plot as â€Å"a dynamic element in fiction, a sequence of interrelated, conflicting actions and events that typically build toa climax and bring about a resolution† (Clugston, 2010). Poems are written utilizing verses or stanzas which cause the reader to experience an emotion. Short stories on the other hand are fictional writings that details cause and effect and it is shorter than a novel. â€Å"The Road Not Taken† has four stanzas of five lines in which a rhyme scheme is taking place, syllables are being emphasized or stressed and it utilizes iambic tetrameter instead of pentameter. Tetrameter is define as â€Å"a line consisting of four dipodies in trochaic, iambic, or anapestic meter; a verse of four feet† (Dictionary. com online dictionary, n. d. ). There is absolutely no climax in â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, as the characters only decision is which road to take. Steppe states, â€Å"In the poem there is a man who has come toa crossroad in his life. One path is traveled on frequently while the other path is not. He has to make a decision as to what path he should take. No matter what, he knows that he cannot turn back once he has made the choice, but it is implied† (â€Å"Symbolism†, 2011). He chose the road that was traveled the least and it was the perfect decision for him. According to Clugston, a symbol is â€Å"a word picture that presents an object, person, r action that conveys two meanings: Its own literal meaning and something it stands for as well† (Clugston, 2010, Ch. 2. 3, Para. 10). In I Used To Live Here Once (1976) Jean Rhys details a woman’s return to a place she called home in which the story is being told through her eyes as she gives vivid details of subtle and not so subtle changes of her surroundings in which you can visualize the sentiment she has for the place. The point of view for this short story is limited third person omniscient, and according to Clugston (2010), it is defined as â€Å"a point of view when the thoughts and eelings of only one of the characters are related to the narrator† (Ch. 5. 2, Para. 3). If the author had used a different point of view and had not provided the reader with the very intimate and thoughts of the character, the symbolism would have been lost or too abundant, that some key points to the story would have been missed. The point of view in The Road Not Taken is first-person-point-of-view, which â€Å"occurs when the narrator describes his or her personal action and thoughts as a participant in the Rhys’ story begins with her character standing by a river looking at the stepping tones and remembering the details about each of them (Clugston, 2010). Each stones description could represent a time in her life in which she was faced with easy and difficult situations in which choices were made, whether good or bad. â€Å"The next one wasn’t so safe for when the river was full the water flowed over it and even when it showed dry it was slippery’ (Clugston, 2010).

African American Characteristics Paper Essay

African American culture in the United States refers to the cultural contributions of Americans of African descent to the culture of the United States, either as part of or distinct from American culture. The distinct identity of African American culture is rooted in the historical experience of the African American people. The culture is both distinct and enormously influential to American culture as a whole. African-American culture is rooted in Africa. It is a blend of chiefly sub-Saharan African and Sahelean cultures. Although slavery greatly restricted the ability of Americans of African descent to practice their cultural traditions, many practices, values, and beliefs survived and over time have modified or blended with European American culture. There are some facets of African American culture that were accentuated by the slavery period. The result is a unique and dynamic culture that has had and continues to have a profound impact on mainstream American culture, as well as the culture of the broader world† (Rydell, 2010). Learning Team B has chosen African Americans as the culturally diverse group we will focus on. The subjects in this paper will be African American history, family characteristics, parenting practices, language, and religion. Also, the primary characteristics of African Americans and how those characteristics impact their experience as a subculture in American Society will be a topic. The last topic will be the implications of the characteristics for psychological theories and practices. History African Americans are the descendants of Africans brought to America during the slavery era. Many were owned as property and forced to work as day laborers in the fields or as servants in their owner’s homes. Others were allowed to work off their debts by being bough and sold on â€Å"the block†. An article titled â€Å"The Slave Auction of 1859 gives a brief account of what it was to be sold on â€Å"the block†: â€Å"The buyers, who were present to the number of about two hundred, clustered around the platform; while the Negroes, who were not likely to be immediately wanted, gathered into sad groups in the background to watch the progress of the selling in which they were so sorrowfully interested. The wind howled outside, and through the open side of the building the driving rain came pouring in; the bar down stairs ceased for a short time its brisk trade; the buyers lit fresh cigars, got ready their catalogues and pencils, and the first lot of human chattels are led upon the stand, not by a white man, but by a sleek mulatto, himself a slave, and who seems to regard the selling of his brethren, in which he so glibly assists, as a capital joke. It had been announced that the Negroes would be sold in â€Å"families,† that is to say; a man would not be parted from his wife, or a mother from a very young child. There is perhaps as much policy as humanity in this arrangement, for thereby many aged and unserviceable people are disposed of, who otherwise would not find a ready sale†¦ â€Å"(New York Daily Tribune, 1928). President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of civil war. The proclamation declared â€Å"that all persons held as slaves† within the rebellious states â€Å"are, and henceforward shall be free. † Despite this expansive wording, the Emancipation Proclamation was limited in many ways. It applied only to states that had seceded from the Union, leaving slavery untouched in the loyal border states. It also expressly exempted parts of the Confederacy that had already come under Northern control. Most important, the freedom it promised depended upon Union military victory. History pages often claim President Lincoln as â€Å"The Great Emancipator† which most educated adults come to learn is an over exaggeration. The general consensus is that Lincoln never freed a single slave, and only used the proclamation as a means to get what he wanted from the states. Once freed most African Americans still experienced racial violence and lived in fear for many years. In 1870 the fifteenth amendment was added to the constitution giving blacks the right to vote. Although blacks were free they were still segregated from the white people, made to go to different schools, stores, and even ride at the back of the bus. In 1954 the supreme courts declared segregation in school unconstitutional due to the Brown vs. The Board of Education of Topeka Kansas. The civil right movement was at its peak during 1955-1965. Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, ensuring basic civil rights for all Americans, regardless of race, after nearly a decade of nonviolent protests and marches, ranging from the 1955-1956 Montgomery bus boycotts to the student-led sit-ins of the 1960s to the huge March on Washington in 1963. In 1968 President Johnson signed the Civil Right act prohibiting discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing. Some of the most famous leader of the civil right movement includes Martin Luther King Jr. , Thurgood Marshall, Rosa Parks and many others. Although civil rights were established many African American still struggled to be treated fairly in America. Affirmative Action was established in 1978 by a ruling of the Supreme Court to ensure that minorities are given an opportunity that they may have missed because of their race. In 2008 Barack Obama was the first African American to be nominated for a major party nominee for president. He was elected the 44th President of the United States on November 4, 2008, and sworn in on January 20, 2009. Family and Parenting Characteristics As with most cultures, African Americans place a high value on their families. In the United States African American family’s make-up 12. 9 percent of the population according to the 2003 US Census. The US census also shows that for African Americans over the age of 15 there are 34 percent married, five percent separated, eleven percent divorced, seven percent widowed, and 43 percent were never married. According to the First Things First website, â€Å"African Americans are the most un-partnered group in America† (Medium, 2011, para. 4). One major goal of African American families is communalism, which is very important for effective functioning (Hall, 2010). Hall (2010) describes African American families as having three family types. The first type is the cohesive-authoritative that is explained to be a family with high cohesion along with being supportive, nurturing, and involved with their children (Hall, 2010). The second type of family is the conflictive-authoritarian that is defined as families with conflict and the parents are controlling, critical, and express unhappiness with children (Hall, 2010). The last type of family Hall (2010) explains is the defensive- neglectful, that did not like other racial groups and also did not teach their children to be proud of being an African American. One significant trend that has been determined about the African American family structure is that the more interconnected the family is, the lower the rate of depression in African Americans (Hall, 2010). Based on these findings, a program called Strong African American Families has been created in order to strengthen the relationships between parents and children. According to Hall (2010), â€Å"The Strong African American Families program also has been found to reduce preadolescent risky sexual behaviors, preadolescent alcohol use, and parental depression among African American families† (p.95). This kind of program has been very effective in keeping families cohesive and helping to improve the goal of communalism. Language â€Å"Generations of hardships imposed on the African American community created distinctive language patterns. Slave owners often intentionally mixed people who spoke different African languages to discourage communication in any language other than English. This, combined with prohibitions against education, led to the development of pidginsimplified mixtures of two or more languages that speakers of different languages can use to communicate. Examples of pidgins that became fully developed languages include Creole, common to Louisiana, and Gullah, common to the Sea Islandsoff the coast of South Carolina and Georgia† (Rydell, 2010). It is sad to think that slave owners intentionally put Africans with people who did not speak their language to discourage communication, but is have been researched and proven to be true. Slavery is not the only element to African American culture, and it often seems that when discussing African American culture slavery is the main topic. However, when discussing language the centuries of slavery that they endured have everything to do with the evolution of African-American language. Now that we have covered the origin of African American language we can discuss the American perspective of where modern day African American language stands, and how this effects the culture. â€Å"African American Vernacular English (AAVE)—also called African American English; less precisely Black English, Black Vernacular, Black English Vernacular (BEV), or Black Vernacular English (BVE)—is an African Americanvariety(dialect, ethnolect and sociolect) of American English. Non-linguists sometimes call it Ebonics(a term that also has other meanings or strong connotations) or jive or jive-talk. Its pronunciation is, in some respects, common to Southern American English, which is spoken by many African Americans and many non-African Americans in the United States. There is little regional variation among speakers of AAVE. Several creolists, including William Stewart, John Dillard, and John Rickford, argue that AAVE shares so many characteristics with Creole dialects spoken by black people in much of the world that AAVE itself is a Creole dialect; while others maintain that there are no significant parallels. As with all linguistic forms, its usage is influenced by age, status, topic and setting. There are many literary uses of this variety of English, particularly in African-American literature† (Rydell, 2010). Of course this information does not imply that all African Americans speak a version of AAVE, only that it is very common and prevalent throughout the modern day African American culture. Religion In the African American community religion plays an extremely significant role. â€Å"The story of African-American religion is a tale of variety and creative fusion. Enslaved Africans transported to the New World beginning in the fifteenth century brought with them a wide range of local religious beliefs and practices. This diversity reflected the many cultures and linguistic groups from which they had come. The majority came from the West Coast of Africa, but even within this area religious traditions varied greatly. Islam had also exerted a powerful presence in Africa for several centuries before the start of the slave trade: an estimated twenty percent of enslaved people were practicing Muslims, and some retained elements of their practices and beliefs well into the nineteenth century. Preserving African religions in North America proved to be very difficult. The harsh circumstances under which most slaves lived—high death rates, the separation of families and tribal groups, and the concerted effort of white owners to eradicate â€Å"heathen† (or non-Christian) customs—rendered the preservation of religious traditions difficult and often unsuccessful. Isolated songs, rhythms, movements, and beliefs in the curative powers of roots and the efficacy of a world of spirits and ancestors did survive well into the nineteenth century. Historically during their most difficult times the African American relied on their religious beliefs to endure. During the civil rights movement black churches were often the target of racial violence because that was a place that African Americans spent most of their time. This was a place where they often held meetings to discuss their civil rights efforts. African Americans practice a number of religions, but Protestant Christianity is by far the most prevalent. Some African and African American also follow the Muslim and Judaism. According to Fife, Kilgour, Canter and Adegoke (2010), â€Å"African spiritual traditions have historically held a central place in African American communalism (Mbiti, 1990) and were vital to survival during the time of slavery. In African and African American culture the concept of spirituality is inseparable from all other aspects of human experience. The spiritual and the physical are indistinguishable (Mbiti, 1990). A deep connection exists between humans, God, family, and group (Barrett, 1974). Spirituality is not compartmentalized into systematized beliefs and practices but woven into everyday experience (Boyd Franklin, 1989). The Black church is the primary means through which many African Americans express their religious and spiritual beliefs and values (Richardson & June, 1997). This institution is a central force in African American childhood and adolescent identity and helps to shape ideas about what comprises community. † Many African American children have christen ceremonies for they can even walk or talk. African American families generally spend a substantial amount of time within their places of worship. Conclusion For review, the big questions the above research addressed were: †¢What are the primary cultural characteristics of this selected group? †¢How do the characteristics of this group impact its experience as a subculture in American society? †¢How might the cultural aspects of this group be applied to traditional psychological theory? †¢What are the implications of these characteristics for psychological theory and practice? We have found that the primary cultural characteristics of the African America culture are their history of slavery in America, distinct family and parenting practices, slavery based evolution of their language, and their dedicated religious beliefs. The characteristics of this group impact its experience as a subculture in American society by enticing others in to the culture and sparking curiosity around the world. African Americans make up a small percentage of the minority in America. However African American culture dominates the world of music, fashion, and professional sports. The cultural aspects of the African American group can be applied to traditional psychological theory when considering family dynamics, cultural perspectives, and how these aspects influence mental health. The implications of these characteristics for psychological theory and practice would focus on how the African American history of slavery in America influences their world view, how family and parenting practices mold their ideals of what a family should be, how religion influences their beliefs and actions, and how language distinguishes them from others and what psychological impact this has on them as a whole. For many years African-American culture developed separately from mainstream American culture, both because of slavery and the persistence of racial discrimination in America, as well as African-American slave descendants’ desire to create and maintain their own traditions. Today, African-American culture has become a significant part of American culture and yet, at the same time, remains a distinct cultural body. References Fife, J. , McCreary, M. , Kilgour, J. , Canter, D. , & Adegoke, A. (2010). Self Identification Among African American and Caucasian College Students. 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